Charaka had described Shadarasaskandha (Group of drugs having six different tastes) in the context of Asthapana Basti (Corrective enema) drugs. Drug having predominantly Madhura Rasa (sweet taste) and Vipaka (final transformation of drug) or that can produce effects similar to that of Madhura Rasa, Vipaka or Prabhava (specific action) are included under Madhuraskandha. In Maduraskandha total 85 drugs are mentioned. Out of 85 drugs only 25 drugs are not possessing either Madhura Rasa or Vipaka but still included in Madhurskandha and exerts their activity like Madhura Rasa or Vipaka. Shatapushpa is one of the drug mentioned in Madhuraskandha having Katu, TiktaRasa and Katu Vipaka. Though it doesnot posses Madhura Rasa and Madhura Vipaka, but still included in Madhuraskandha. In this article, an attempt has been made to find out its inclusion in Maduraskandha on the basis of physicochemical and phytochemical Analysis analysis with sugar estimation.

Marma Sharir is one of the special aspects intensely elaborated by Ayurveda. Marma are vital points on the body having importance regarding traumatic effect. As per the context, these points when exposed to trauma generate the symptoms as like pain, disability or death. Hence, these points should be protected from injury. In present era, in spite of availability of various treatment modalities, the formation of various type of deformity occur due to traumatic lesion of elbow joint in most of the cases which remains permanent in nature even after application of well established treatment. But if collaborative approach of Marmachikitsa (treating Marma i.e. affected vital part of the body) is applied in such cases it may help to overcome or diminish the occurrence of such deformities. But many symptoms which are explained in Marmabhighata i.e. various injuries to Marma are quite vague in nature and critical to understand which restricts its practical utility in diagnosis. Many terminologies are yet to be established in terms of contemporary symptoms for its better and easy understanding. So it is the need of hour to study of vital structures at Kurpar Marma, type of Vaikalyakara Marma for ruling causative pathophysiology behind formation of such deformities and to minimize their occurrence in future by discovering its applied aspect

Ehretia laevis Roxb. is a small rare tree, member of Boraginaceae family of Indian medicinal plant .It is high valued medicinal plant and becoming rare in the state of Maharashtra. In various ethano-medicinal survey of medicinal plants used by traditional healers in various region with different vernaculars name in India. The leaves of E.laevis which is well- known as Khanduchakka and commonly used by tribal as well as urban people in Wardha district of Maharashtra for wound management, minor fracture and joint pain with surprising effect. The present study deals with the pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical studies of leaves. The preliminary phytochemical studies indicate the presence of phenolic compounds, saponins and alkaloid. The T.S of leaf and powder microscopic examination shows the presence of epidermis, parenchymatous cells, vascular bundle and unicellular trichomes. The important diagnostic features of the powder include anomocytic stomata, unicellular uniserriate trichome, and calcium oxalate crystals. The pharmacognostic features examined in the present study may serve as tool for identification of the plant for validation of the raw material and establishing the standard which is an integral part of establishing the correct identity and quality of a crud drug in coming days.

Sneha Murchhana is a procedure performed on fats and oils before subjecting them preparation of medicated ghee and oils. It can be correlated to refinement of oil, however there is difference in refinement and Murchhana such as Murchhana increases concentration of high density fatty acids, increases potency of formulation, reduces rancidity and undesirable color. Preparation of medicated ghee and oils is a bit complicated procedure and require special care regarding proportion of ingredients, heating pattern and temperature. Hence in present work an attempt has been made to establish pharmaceutical standardization of Jatyadi Taila prepared from Murchhita and Amurchhita Tila Taila. Murchhana was done as per mentioned in Bhaishajya Ratnavali and Jatyadi Taila was prepared as per reference of Sharangadhara Samhita. Average quantity obtained after Murchhana of Tila Taila was 94.49% i.e. 5.51 % weight loss. Total duration required for preparation of MJT (Jatyadi Taila prepared from Murchhita Taila) andAJT (Jatyadi Taila prepared from Amurchhita Taila) was 7.49 hrs and 7.48 hrs with 8.5 and 7.83 percent weight loss respectively. The heating procedure was completed in two days. On first day temperature was maintained slightly higher than the second days which were 106°C, 108°C and 98°C, 97°C for MJT andAJT respectively. Mild heating and continuous stirring are needed for medicated oil preparations possessing desired attributes.

Teaching is an art. To make teaching more effective and outcome based, different techniques should be adopted. The utility of different techniques and use of different media to make lecture more effective depends on learners preferences. Understanding the differences in learners’ preferences & use of media like OHP (over head projector sheet), PPT (power point presentation), chalk board method for communication develops education system. With this objective to know the students preferences for use of different teaching media to enhance their learning process, the study was undertaken. It revealed that students preferred use of power point teaching in concurrence with chalk board to learn basic science subjects along with para clinical & clinical sciences. To learn basic principles of Ayurveda and to learn Samhitas they strongly recommended chalk board method. Our study concluded that the maximum benefit of visual aids is obtained only in concurrence with a well-structured lecture. The optimum use of audiovisual aids is essential for deriving their benefits. PowerPoint presentation and Black Board teachings are equally important and should be used as an instruction tool for their respective aspects oflearning excluding Samhitas

Dacryocystitis, an inflammation of lacrimal sac of eye, is of common occurrence in rural areas of India. Recurrent attacks of acute dacryocystitis leads to chronicity, where surgical removal of lacrimal sac is an only option. In present study, aim is to find an alternative or conjugate method to surgery for the treatment of dacryocystitis, which may also decrease the prevalence, by avoiding the recurrence of the disease. A randomized controlled clinical study was conducted among 60 patients having the complaints of Dacryocystitis, in 2012-13, at an LRP Ayurved College, Islampur, Sangli, Maharashtra. They were divided into two groups. 30 patients were enrolled in experimental group of Jalaukavacharana (leech application) along with oral Cefixime 200mg, and 30 patients in control group where given with Cefixime alone for duration of 7 days. The result, discussion and conclusion are given on the basis of collected data and their inferences. At the end of the study, it was observed that, Jalaukavacharana along with Cefixime is found to have significant additional relief in the signs of acute dacryocystitis like Pain in eye, Swelling at inner canthus, and redness at inner canthus than Cefixime alone. And it is also very useful in avoiding the recurrence of the disease, which is helpful in preventing the surgical management.

Suvarnaprashan is thick syrup prepared with gold ash, honey, ghee and Medhya (brain stimulant) herbs which promote strength, boost IQ, digestive power and immunity opined by Acharyas. This article outlines the efficacy of Suvarnaprashan in preterm with reference to immunity, growth and development. Preterm means less than 37 weeks born, 0-3 years age group forty preterm were divided into 2 groups of 20 each. Trial group (A) were given four drops of Suvarnaprash monthly once on every Pushyanakshatra while control group B didn’t receive any medicine. It was found that the number of mild infections occurred in A group were less as compared to B indicating its immunity enhancement action during 6 months of study. The mean duration of illness in control group was 3.9 days while in trial group it was 2.75 days, showing its positive effect in recovery of diseases. In group A recurrence of diseases was merely 10% as that of 25% in B group. The weight and height gain achieved in A group was in 25^th-50^th percentile range while it was in 3^rd-25^th in B group. The severity of sign and symptoms in B group was more as compare to A group. The gradation of total relief in % was excellent (60) in A group, in contrast to just 20 % of group B. These beneficial results indicate the need of further research with large sample size and duration.

Amlapitta is Aamashaya Samuttha (Originated from stomach) disease including mainly the site for Agni (Appetite). A randomized controlled clinical study was conducted in 2012-13, at an Ayurveda college, Pune.A sample of 60 patients was studied. They were equally divided into two groups. 30 patients were enrolled in experimental group A and 30 patients in control group B. Where Kantakaryadi Kashay (Decoction of herbal medicines) 40 ml to group A and Omeprazole 40 mg to group B was given for duration of7 days along with Pathya (Do’s and don’ts). Then for next 14 days, only Pathya was advised to both the groups. It was done so as to evaluate the result of the drug used in the experimental group and also to compare its efficacy with that used in the control group. The result, discussion and conclusion are done on the basis of collected data and their inferences. At the end of the study, it was observed that, the Kantakaryadi Kashay was more effective than Capsule Omeprazole in the management of Urdhwag Amlapitta.

Technology in medical science is developing according to the need of health assessment. In medical research, animals are used for preclinical and toxicity studies for exposure and risk assessment as well as for prediction of toxicity. Current toxicological research concentrates on identifying hazards of chemical compounds and assessing risks of human exposure. These assessments are based on toxicological tests, most using animals as models for man. During such kind of studies, there are several issues due to which animal studies are not sufficient as there is lack of sufficient screening data and basic short-term in vitro or animal-bioassay data on toxicity or carcinogenicity of the compound. There is lack of information or inconsistent information about effects on humans and paucity of accurate information on human exposure levels. These issues are overcome by Toxicogenomics. It is an emerging area of toxicology that examines how the genetic make-up of an individual makes them more or less susceptible to toxicity and exposure related diseases. It is a field of science that deals with the collection, interpretation and storage of information about gene and protein activity within particular cell or tissue of an organism in response to toxic substances. In toxicogenomics, microarrays allow for study of all toxicological endpoints in a single assay. Traditionally in animal studies, we need to study an agents carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and endocrine toxicity in separate assays. The fact that groups of chemical with a common toxicological mechanism produce a characteristic pattern of gene expression means it may be possible to discern the toxic potential of an agent quickly and cheaply. It can prevent animal toxicity testing, thereby it will prevent from ethical issues regarding animals and their survival.

Psoriasis is a chronic, non-communicable, disabling disease with great negative impact on patients’ quality oflife. Skin lesions are localized or generalized, mostly symmetrical, sharply demarcated, red papules and plaques, and usually covered with white or silver scales. The treatment is usually throughout the life and is aimed at remission. So far, there is no therapy that would give hope for a complete cure of psoriasis. The term Kushtha! described in Ayurved includes nearly all skin disorders. Ekakushtha is one of the Kshudra Kushtha has a close similarity with psoriasis due to its maximum matching of symptoms. This is a case of chronic psoriasis of 10 years. She was treated with Shodhan and Shaman chikitsa and was significantly improved with three months of treatment. This study encourages conducting research in such type of chronic cases to validate the effects of Shodhan and Shaman.

Hypertension is commonest chronic non communicable disorder found all over world. It is also called as silent killer because in this patient remain mostly asymptomatic. But on the other hand it causes target organ damage; it is also a major risk factor for Coronary vascular diseases like Stroke and myocardial infarction. It is a global health problem affecting the people of different ethnicity & ages around the world. In modern medicine the aim of the treatment for hypertension is to prevent the risk of coronary heart disease & cardiovascular disease. Hypertension is not mentioned in Ayurvedic text as it is, but on the basis of Ayurvedic principle we can understand the Samaprapti (ethiopathogenesis) of Hypertension & according to that we can treat the disease. Thinking about the disease the main causative factor is vitiated Vata, it may be only Vata or in combination with Pitta or Kapha or obstructive Vata vitiation. According to etiology we can treat the disease in two ways either by Shamana Chikitsa (only medicine) or by Shodhana Chikitsa (purificatory procedures).

The most common disorder which affects the movement particularly in the most productive period of life is low back pain, out of which 40% of patients suffers from severe pain which comes under the umbrella of Sciatica-syndrome. With the advancement of busy professional and social life, improper sitting posture, over exertion, jerking movements during traveling and sports; increasing tendency of computerization and also because of increasing body weight, mental stress creates undue pressure on the spinal column and play an important role in producing low backache and Sciatica. The signs and symptoms found in “Sciatica” in modern contemporary medicine are similar to the condition Gridhrasi mentioned in Ayurveda. Gridhrasi, which is one among the eighty Nanatamja Vyadhi is very commonly seen in clinical practice As Vasti Chikitsa is said to be as best treatment remedy for Vatvyadhi. Present study is undertaken to evaluate the effect of Ayurvedic management having Shodhana and Shamana therapy Gridhasi. A male patient suffering from above ailments having low back pain, radiating pain from lumber, gluteal region to left leg; difficulty and pain while walking, stiffness in lumber region was admitted in Ayurvedic Hospital and specific Ayurvedic treatment including Erandmooladi Vasti, Kativasti with Patra Pinda Sweda (fomentation with medicated leaves) along with medications such as Maharasnadi Qwath and Sunthisidhha Eranda oil was prescribed to him. All these treatment were continued for 1 month. Outcome of these treatments was found to be very positive. After completion of therapy, there was substantial recovery in walking duration and movements of lower extremities and pain relief was observed. This approach may be useful for clinical practices and further studies on treating Sciatica. Ayurvedic management done by using collaborative approach of Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa can effectively manage Gridhasi which arises due to lumber disc ailments such as IVDP by doing pain management and good performance in daily activities and ultimately improving quality of life ofpatient.

Vatakantaka (Planter Fasciitis) is a common cause of heel pain which is caused due to vitiation of Vatadosh. Vata is vitiated due to walking on irregular or uneven surface, excessive strain on heels and get accumulated in Khudukapradesha (Ankle joint) and causes pain as if pricked by a thorn. Hence termed as Vatakantaka (Plantar Fasciitis). Plantar Fasciitis is caused due to silent and repeated injury resulting in inflammation of the plantar fascia which results in the painful heel. Acharya Sushruta mentioned different treatment measures for management of Vatakantaka. Agnikaram is one amongst them and it was used in this case study, to assess its efficacy in relieving pain. A 45 years old female complaining of pain in the right heel, tenderness and pain during walking was treated with 3 successive sittings of Agnikarma along with Shamana Chikitsa for 21 days. In Shamana chikitsa Gandhaka Rasayana and Yograj Guggul was given. After treatment, symptoms of patient were relieved and she was able to walk without pain.

Management of chronic wound is a most challenging problem, Wound healing is a conserved evolutionary process among species and encompasses spatially and temporally overlapping processes including inflammation, blood clotting, and cellular proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling lot of factors are responsible for non-healing like diabetes, hypo-proteinaemia, deficiency of vitamins, minerals and other immune compromising conditions. The skin is a complex organ consisting of the epidermis, dermis, and skin appendages, including the hair follicle and sebaceous gland. In Ayurveda, diabetes, skin diseases, low immunity, poisoning and repeated trauma are commonest factors which retard the healing of wound. Sushruta also mentioned these non-healing ulcers with the name of “Dushta Vrana”. Acharya elaborates a wound having black/red/yellow/white colour, full of slough of necrosed muscles, vessels, tendons etc. having multiple tracts or pockets, unpleasant look and odor with severe pain, burning, suppuration, redness, itching, and oedema, complicated with resides all around discharge of vitiated blood in it and the Vranas of very chronic nature. External application and Hinsradya Taila for local application with Triphala guggulu provide significant results in the management of Non healing wound due to its wide range of wound healing properties. Wound healing results in scar formation, Studies have reported remarkable examples of scar less healing in adult skin wounds following the infliction of large wounds, Wound size is one inch in length, Two Inch in Breadth, 0.5 in Deep after Application of Hinsradya taila it decreases to half inch in length, one Inch in Breadth, Zero in Deep. In this article, we will focus on the contribution of non healing wound to wound healing.

Madhumeha in Ayurveda is synonymous with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) on the basis of etio-pathogenesis.It is considered as a life style disease, with variety of complications. Present study is an attempt to study the effect of Mamejavadi Ghan vati in Madhumeha. A obese, Female with sedentary life style aged 56 years, having an history of DM since 10 years visited Diabetic Clinic with complaints of weakness, giddiness, nausea, severe burning in feet and legs , frequent urination, insomnia, headache, constipation and loss of appetite from 90 days. Her BP was 132/86, Height 151 cm, Weight 63 kg, BMI -27.3, Vitals were stable. Her FBS was 184, PPBS -301, Serum TG-175, Cholesterol- 210, VLDL-135, and HDL-33. Ayurvedic parameters were also assessed and recorded. She was administered with Mamejavadi Ghan vati (MGV) in a dose of 1g twice a day before meals, Haritki Ghan Vati (HGV) 3 tablets twice a day after meals, Amalki Ghan Vati (AGV) in a dose of 2 tablets twice a day with plain water and 3g Turmeric powder in 50 ml milk at bed time for a period of 30 days . Previous allopathic medicine Metformin 500mg + Glimepiride 1mg was also continued. She was advised brisk walking and diet control. After 30 days patient was reviewed where subjective satisfaction in improvement of almost all symptoms except frequency of Micturation (mild relief) was noted. The FBS and PPBS Levels were reduced to 145 and 198 respectively. The present case study reveals the therapeutic benefits of MGV in relieving all symptoms to a greater extent and hence multi centric RCT could be planned in future to assess its efficacy.

Vitamin A is essential for the synthesis of Rhodopsin in the Retina which is also necessary for the maintenance of secretary epithelia. An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is night blindness. When there is long standing deficiency of vitamin A, keratinizing Squamous metaplasia of the conjunctiva occurs leading to conjunctival Xerosis and eventually to Xerophthalmia with corneal ulceration. 16 yrs. young female patient was suffering with dry eyes, foreign body sensation, redness, itching and ocular discomfort since 3-4 yrs. came to Shalakya OPD at Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College and Hospital, Wardha. On examination a triangular dull white, cheesy colored spot was found in bulbar conjunctiva at temporal side of both eyes. Schirmer’s strip test was 4 mm/ 5 min and TBUT (Tear Film Break up Time) test is 7 seconds and had consulted ophthalmologists who diagnosed condition as Xerosis. She took allopathic medication for 3 years but didn’t get relief. Xerosis is a medical condition characterized by abnormal and prolonged dryness that leads to non production of tears. Xerosis causes the conjunctiva to become muddy, wrinkled, thick, dehydrated and lusterless which may result into serious visionary complication if left untreated. In Ayurveda, it can be correlated with Shuktika Pittaj Vikar. with Ayurvedic line of treatment, the significant improvement is seen in conjunctival signs and symptoms such as dry eye, itching ,foreign body sensation. Encouraging results observed when subjected to objective parameters like Schirmer’s Strip test and TBUT

Objective Structured Clinical Examination and Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSCE/OSPE) is an important assessment tool in Clinical Sciences & basic Medical Sciences respectively. Individual’s ability to perform a technique is tested in OSPE in a more objective manner as all participants are exposed to the same predetermined set of techniques and questions. Most of the Ayurvedic colleges in India follow the CPE (Conventional Practical Examination). However OSCE/OSPE is a new format for assessing practical competence, specifically developed to enhance objectivity, validity. Mahatma Gandhi Ayurveda College Hospital and Research Center (MGACHRC) under the ambit of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical sciences (DU) is following OSCE/OSPE method since 3 years. Hence to establish significance of these methods, present work was undertaken which is basically an observational study. The study was conducted at MGACHRC, salod Wardha. All the teachers from all the departments and students from second year to fourth year BAMS were enrolled in the study. Observations were done by feedback questionnaire and Likert’s scale. It is observed that OSPE/OSCE helps the examiner to make the judgments in relation to various spheres of performances viz., knowledge, interpersonal skills, attitude, and communication skills. Most of the students (78.43%) and teachers (97.22%) agreed that examiners bias was reduced due to OSCE/OSPE. They also agreed that it is easier to score marks through OSCE/OSPE as compare to CPE because of the uniformity in the evaluation pattern. 42.48% of students perceived OSPE/OSCE as a stressful experience in contrast with the opinion of the teachers. Implementation of OSCE/ OSPE at MGACHRC has been challenging, however student participation in the evaluation and their overall acceptance of the instrument have been encouraging. In addition, the university and the college are undergoing significant reform. A well- designed OSCE/OSPE can drive learning, and therefore, can have a positive educational impact.

Objective structured practical examination (OSPE) is an assessment system used in formative assessment, in which individual skill competency of the subject is assessed. It has been found to be valid, unbiased objective and trustworthy tool for assessment. Skill competency of students can be evaluated by OSPE which includes structured format. Thus, students problems can be identified easily and corrective measures can be undertaken. Considering this the present study was planned with the objective that OSPE can be used as a teaching tool and was introduced to Para-clinical Ayurved undergraduates. Sample size of 40 oriented to Rasparapti (RP) and Shwet parpati (SP) by conventional method and assessed by OSPE considering pre test. Based on assessment performance gap was identified. Sample size was randomly distributed in to two groups. One group was taught by conventional teaching (repetition of topic was done) whereas another group was taught by focused teaching emphasizing on performance gap. Both the groups were assessed by OSPE and the result was considered as post test. Pre and post evaluation score and feedback of students were analyzed. Analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics using students unpaired t test. The software used in the analysis was SPSS 17.0 version and p<0.05 was considered as level of significance. Pre and post assessment comparison of group A and Group B in which focused teaching and conventional teaching were found significant p <0.05. The students who were intervened according to identification of performance gap during OSPE were having better skills in medicine preparation and errors were minimized as compared to other group who were intervened by traditional teaching. Present work revealed that OSPE can be implemented as a teaching tool for skill competency in medicine preparation in the subject of Rasshastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana.

Mana (mind) is always a point of intriguing due to its uniqueness as well as ambiguity related to its various aspects and Location. Many aspects related to Mana like its definition, properties, objects, significance, existence; superiority to other sense organs is described. There is some controversy regarding the location of Mana in Ayurveda. The two organs viz. Hridaya (heart) and Mastishka (brain) have been the points of discussion since a long period for the purpose of location of Mana and also specifying for the seat of consciousness. Till date the ambiguity related seat ofMana is not resolved. Mana is coordinator between sense organs, organs of action and soul which is essential for physicomental balance of the body. Therefore the study related to location of Mana is of prime importance. In Ayurvedic Literature various views are available regarding the site of Mana as 1. Hridaya 2. Shirah (head) 3. Bhrumadhya (point between two eyebrows) 4. Enclosed between Shirah and Talu (palate) and 5. Sparshanendriya (skin). So to clarify the Location of Mana the Literature related to Mana was critically reviewed thoroughly from all available sources. The location of Mana is probably in Shirah as described by Charak and other Scholars because the functioning and objects of Mana has great similarity with that of functions of brain.

Ahara (Diet), Nidra (Sleep) and Brahmacharya (Ideal regimen) are considered as Trayopasthambas , means three supportive pillars of life. Ayurved recognized Nidra (sleep) as one of the most important dimensions of health and is an outcome of relax mental state. Happiness and unhappiness, proper nourishment or emaciation, strength and debility, sexual powers and impotence, knowledge and ignorance, life and its absence (death) all dependents on sleep. The disturbance in Nidra might be related to the life style, environmental influence, mental tension, changed food habits and day to day stress .It is also enumerated as the natural urge which should not be suppressed and if suppressed would lead to various diseases. However the pattern of sleep and duration of sleep are individualized depending up on various factors. It is hence a very important concept of life , which if taken and practiced accordingly it will lead to a healthy state of body, mind and spirit. The aim of this article is to compile and revalidate the various principles related to different aspects of Nidra.

Eating raw or processed placenta is termed as Placentophagy. It is not practiced commonly although research and traditional evidences show its enormous potential in lactation insufficiency, postpartum blues and menopausal stress. In ancient times there was trend to eat raw and fresh placenta by mother after delivery but is hard to by this concept in contemporary era. There are different ways to make the placenta edible. Placenta encapsulation is widely accepted and palatable method. Studies show placenta contains oxytocin which helps to enhance breast milk production and other hormones which relieves patient from menopausal as well as post partum stress. Collection and preparation of placenta is cost effective and women can consume her placenta whenever needed especially in the state of distress. Placenta can be preserved for years with the help of dehydration process. Concept of Placentophagy needs more introspection and awareness so that patients could be benefited from this natural remedy for multiple conditions in women. This article is intended to let readers know about the medicinal use of placenta.

Childbirth is considered as a beginning of new life for a woman. Delivery is a very typical process in a woman’s life span. Normal labour is not only safe forthe lady but also prevents post-partum complications. But, now a days, it is seen that due to changes of life style, culture, food habits and hectic schedule of working ladies, there is a significant decline in normal labour. Caesarian Section has become a common occurrence in the society. Therefore, it is important to follow Garbhini Paricharya strictly throughout the pregnancy period that helps to increase not only occurrence of Normal Delivery but also reduces maternal and fetal problems after the delivery. In Ayurveda, the role of Anuvasana Basti and Yoni Pichu, is described in Garbhini Paricharya (antenatal care), during the 9th month of pregnancy, plays an important role in normal delivery. Yoni Pichu (tampons) helps to provide lubrication to genital tract and Anuvasna Basti is used for VataAnulomana so as to facilitate normal delivery.

Acharya of Ayurveda recognises the value of knowledge related to human body and thus incorporated a separate section in their manuscript. It is very hard task to correlate any structure of Sharir (body) described in Ayurveda Samhita, because in other sciences terms have their unique meaning and indication. In Ayurveda, terminology carries different connotations of the same words with their context, while word meaning in Sanskrit is different-Pakwashaya is among them. In Ayurveda, Tridoshas i.e. Vata, Pitta and Kapha are the fundamental elements responsible for movement, transformation and cohesion in the body. These Doshas are susceptible to imbalance and vitiation, among which Vata is dominant and its main site is Pakwashaya, so to determine the exact organ related to Pakwashaya with the aid of modern science this study was initiated thorough review of relevant literature from all available sources, which may be beneficial for clinicians and science too. It is the main organ related to the site of Vata Dosha, Purishavah Strotas, Purishdhara Kala, Kosthanga and Aashaya. Pakwashaya plays an important role in formation of urine and digestion of food. The review of literature of Pakwashaya and present knowledge of contemporary science indicates that the Pakwashaya described in Ayurved can be correlated with entire part of large intestine i.e. from caecum to rectum.