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Background: Chyawanprash is a classical Ayurveda polyherbal formulation that has proven immunomodulatory potential. Aim: The present clinical study was conducted to evaluate Chyawanprash for prophylaxis of COVID-19 infection. Materials & Methods: It was an Open-label, Multicentric, Randomized, Comparative, Prospective, and Interventional Community-based Clinical Study. The study was conducted at five sites across Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Rajasthan between May 2020 and November 2020. Materials and Methods: A total of 771 subjects were screened in the study; of whom, 721 subjects were randomized into two groups. Subjects in the DCP group who fell into the category of 13 years to 70 years were given Chyawanprash as a study intervention to be taken in a dose of one teaspoonful (approx. 12g) twice daily and children aged 5 to 12 years were given ½ teaspoonful (approx. 6g) twice daily followed by a cup of milk (approx. 200mL). Subjects in the control group were advised to consume one cup of milk (approx. 200mL) twice daily. The incidence of COVID-19 was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)/antigen testing, which was conducted as per applicable guidelines and the severity of infection was assessed by using the World Health Organization (WHO) ordinal scale. The incidence and severity of non-COVID-19 infections was also assessed during the intervention period of 90 days. Results: Overall, 696 subjects completed the study, of whom 351 subjects were in the Chyawanprash (DCP) group and 345 were in the control group. In the DCP group, out of the 351 subjects who had completed the study, 42 were tested with RT-PCR/antigen and one subject was found to be positive for COVID-19. In the control group, out of the 345 subjects, 28 were tested with RT-PCR/Antigen and eight subjects were found to be positive for COVD-19. In the DCP group, the incidence was statistically significant lesser as compared with the control group. A total of 43 subjects in the control group and 41 subjects in the DCP group had symptoms of Influenza Like Illness (ILI). The DCP group also showed a statistically significant improvement in quality of life (QoL), as assessed by the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire – Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) when compared with the control group. Conclusion: The outcome of the present study suggests and supports the prophylaxis potential of Chyawanprash as one of the preventive remedies for COVID-19 as recommended by the AYUSH fraternity. The beneficial effects may be due to the synergistic effects of the potent herbs that are known to have immune-boosting effects in healthy individuals.

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Background: Rasapaddhati is a classical Sanskrit text related to Rasashastra, which mainly deals with metals, minerals, and mercurial preparations flourished during the medieval period to achieve Dehavada (attaining long and healthy life by using mercurial preparations) and Lohavada (conversion of lower metals into precious metals such as gold and silver). Later knowledge of Rasashastra extended to the therapeutic application in various diseases. Rasapaddhati is a fifteenth-century alchemical treatise written by Acharya Bindu comprising the personal experiences of the author in the field of alchemy. Aims and Objectives: This work is a humble attempt to summarize the key features of text Rasapaddhati, its contents, and contribution in the development of Indian alchemy. Materials and Methods: A review of Rasapaddhati was performed on Siddhiprada Hindi commentary by Siddhinandan Mishra and published by Chaukhambha Orientalia in 1987. Results and Conclusion: It is written in Shardulvikridit Chhanda and is completed in 236 verses. The key features of Rasapaddhati include the classifications of minerals, metals, precious stones, description of mercury, and its various processes and 49 herbal and herbomineral formulations with therapeutic applications in various diseases.

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Background: Developing and tropical countries such as India occurrence of skin diseases are more prominent in recent era. Dadru Kushtha (Tinea corporis) is one of Mahakushtha or Kshudra Kushtha explained by Acharya under the heading of skin diseases. In the present case study, Putikadi Lepa has been used to treat the patient having the symptoms of Tinea corporis which is mentioned in Sushruta Samhita. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of Putikadi Lepa in the management of Dadru Kushtha (Tinea corporis). Setting and Design: This was an original case study. Materials and Methods: Putikadi Lepa includes leaves of Pongamia pinnata Pierre, Calotropis gigantean Linn, Cassia fistula Linn, Euphorbia neriifolia Linn, and Jasminum grandiflorum Linn pasted with cow urine. Putikadi Lepa is given to the patient having the symptoms of Tinea corporis for external application on affected area up to 21 days. Results: Clinical study shows the significant result of Putikadi Lepa to pacify the symptoms like itching, erythema, eruption, size of lesion, and number of lesion of Tinea corporis. Conclusion: Due to their antifungal and antibacterial properties of all the ingredients of Putikadi Lepa, it shows good results on patient. Putikadi Lepa is an herbal preparation and drugs are easily available. So it is very convenient treatment for Tinea corporis.

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Background: Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease, which is characterized by well-circumscribed erythematous dry plaques of various sizes, covered with mica-like scales; according to its clinical features, it can be correlated with Ekakushta. The lifetime prevalence of psoriasis is 2%–3%. In India, the prevalence of psoriasis varies from 0.44% to 2.88% worldwide. Many treatment modalities have been adopted in medical sciences, but it has quite expensive and various side effects. Hence, it is necessary to find out an economical, effective, and an easily available medicine to treat psoriasis. Objectives: The objective of this study was to study the efficacy of Nitya Virechana and Shaman Chikitsa in the management of Ekakushta with respect to plaque psoriasis. Materials and Methods: A single case study: a 74-year-old man was already diagnosed with plaque psoriasis before 15 years. Symptoms such as redness of skin, silvery scaly skin, itching along with burning sensation was gradually emerging so for that he was advised for Nitya Virechana and Shamana Chikitsa.Result: Symptomatic assessment of patient was carried out after three months and satisfactory outcome was there and overall quality of life of patient was significantly improved. Conclusion: Nitya Virechana and Shaman Chikitsa, brought about satisfactory relief in symptoms in patients with Ekakushta.

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Background: Gridhrasi is one of the most common disorders of Vata, which closely resembles with sciatica, which is characterized by pain or discomfort associated with sciatic nerve. The prevalence of sciatica varies considerably ranging from 3.8% in the working population to 7.9% in the nonworking population. Contemporary medicine has limitations giving short-term relief in pain or surgical intervention with side effect. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to access the efficacy of Ayurvedic management including Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa in Gridhrasi.Materials and Methods: It is a single case study. A 43-year-old man who was already diagnosed with intervertebral disc prolapsed in L4-L5, correlated with Gridhrasi of left leg since 7 months approached to Ayurvedic hospital and was treated with Panchakarma treatment including Dashmooladi niruha vasti, Kati vasti, and Patra panda pottali sweda along with Shamana Chikitsa. The treatment was continued for consecutive one month. Results: Symptomatic assessment of patient was carried out after one month and satisfactory outcome was there and overall quality of life of patient was significantly improved. Conclusion: The aforementioned therapy gives symptomatic relief for the management of Gridhrasi.

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Background: The application of Khanduchakka (Ehertia Laevis) Kalka (paste) in the case of Delayed-union of metatarsal fracture is an innovative idea. It is a case report having the fracture of 3^rd and 4^th metatarsal of right foot. Ehertia Laevis is folklore plant locally known as Khanduchakka used in fracture and wound healing in various forms by the tribal people. In the present case it is used as Lepan (local application). Observation after treatment shows that the Ehertia Laevis is an effective alternative treatment for fracture and delayed union of bones without any complications. Aim: To evaluate healing effect of Khanduchakka Lepan in the management of Delayed union of Metatarsal fracture. Material and Method: In this present case report, the patient with Delayed union of Metatarsal fracture was treated with Khanduchakka Kalka used as local application after all the mandatory investigations and its efficacy was evaluated on the basis of clinical parameters like pain, swelling and fracture healing. Statistical analysis used: 1. Universal Pain Assessment Tool i.e. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scoring for pain. 2. Swelling was assessed by measuring affected foot circumference in centimeters. 3. American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Scale (AOFAS) result was calculated. Results: Patient showed significance results in clinical parameters evaluated. He got partial relief within 2 weeks. Conclusion: X-Ray revealed that there was callus formation and the mal-union was slightly aligned just by simply applying Khanduchakka Kalka over a fracture. Visual analog scale used for pain showed before treatment score - 8/10 and after treatment score - 2/10. Circumference of swelling reduced from 33cm to 29cm. AOFAS score was improved from 38/100 to 79/100 points. Therefore it can be concluded that this intervention not only acts as fracture healing but also relieved symptoms of pain and swelling.

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Background: Fistula in ano is defined as an inflammatory tract lined by unhealthy granulation tissue having its external opening in the perianal region and internal opening in the anal canal or rectum. In Ayurveda, it can be correlated with Bhagandar (fistula in ano). Various surgical as well as para-surgical treatments are in rage to treat anal fistula but have certain limitations and risk of recurrence. Critical recurrent anal fistula is one among the toughest and rare anal fistula to treat and still stand as a challenge in front of surgeons. Materials and Methods: In this case report, critical recurrent anal fistula is managed by Nyagrodha Ksheer (Latex) Sutra (medicated seton) after all the mandatory investigations, and its efficacy was evaluated on the basis of clinical parameters such as pain, itching, pus discharge, and cutting rate. Results: Patient showed significant results in clinical parameters evaluated. Even after 1-month follow-up assessment, there were no signs of recurrence. Conclusion: As seen in many cases, it is very difficult to manage the anal fistula because of its high recurrence rate. In this case also, it was evident that the patient was having the same complaint of recurrence of fistula after multiple surgeries. In order to find out a minimal invasive technique, an attempt was made to treat the critical recurrent fistula with the help of Nyagrodha Ksheer Sutra. From the aforementioned case, it is concluded that Nyagrodha Ksheer Sutra is efficient in treating critical recurrent anal fistula. It also revealed that Nyagrodha Ksheer acts on the basis of its Shodhan (wound cleaning) and Ropan (wound healing) property to heal critical recurrent anal fistula.

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Background: Fissure-in-ano is a common anorectal disease. It is mainly of two types: acute and chronic. Chronic fissure-in-ano is difficult to treat and most of the time, it is associated with sentinel tag, which guards the fissure from healing, resulting in nonhealing ulcer, which calls for surgical intervention. Khanduchakka (Ehretia laevis) is a folklore plant that is used popularly by the tribal people for the healing of the nonhealing ulcers. Using that reference in this research work, Khanduchakka Ghrit was used as a local application for managing chronic fissure-in-ano and its efficacy was evaluated. Materials and Methods: In this case report, a patient with chronic fissure-in-ano was treated by Khanduchakka Ghrit, which was used as a local application, after all the mandatory investigations, and its efficacy was evaluated on the basis of clinical parameters such as pain, bleeding, itching, and healing. Results: The patient showed significant results in the clinical parameters evaluated. She got relief in pain, itching, bleeding per rectum, and fissure within 20 days. Even on follow-up assessment, no signs of recurrence were reported. Conclusion: From the aforementioned case, it was concluded that simply applying Khanduchakka Ghrit over a chronic fissure-in-ano is able to heal it. This study revealed that it not only acts as a Ropana (healing agent) but also acts as a Lekhandravya (scrapping agent), which helps in removing slough present at fissure bed and simultaneously helps in the healing of chronic fissure-in-ano.

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Apasmara (epilepsy) is defined by Acharya Charaka as Apagama (deterioration) of Smriti (retention) associated with Bibhatsa Chesta (seizers) due to derangement of Dhi and Sattva. The vitiate Dosha related to the condition are Vata and Rajo Dosha. The main features of Apasmara are impairment in memory or awareness. Even though most of the times, it is considered as Manasrogas (psychic disorders), it is not a Manasroga. Apasmara is one of the diseases, which affects both Sharira (physical) and Manas (mental). A 52-year-old man approached the OPD of Panchakarma department with the impairment of memory in the last 2 years. Earlier he had taken allopathic medicine but he discontinued the medicine due to no significant relief from the adverse effects of the medicines. He was advised with Yoga Basti (enema), Shirodhara (Pouring of medicated oil over head from a distant height), and Nasya (errhine therapy) along with palliative treatment. After 1-month treatment and follow-up, it was observed that the patient was satisfied with treatment and changes in the complaints with improved quality of life. Palliative treatment was advised to the patient for additional.

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Background: Mutrashmari (urinary stones) is one among the Ashtamahagada (eight fatal conditions) and is Kaphapradhan Tridoshaja Vyadhi, which is correlated with urolithiasis. It is the major cause of morbidity. The lifetime prevalence of symptomatic urolithiasis is approximately 10% in men and 5% in women. Many treatment modalities have been adopted in medical sciences, but it is quite expensive and also the pathogenesis behind recurrence of formation of stone cannot be avoided. Hence, it is necessary to find out an economical effective, easily available medicine to treat Mutrashmari. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Shaman Chikitsa in Mutrashmari w.r.t. to urolithiasis. Materials and Methods: It is a single case study. A 50-year-old man who was already diagnosed before 20 years approached to outpatient department of Panchakarma with complaints of pain in abdomen and back, which was radiating from loin to groin region; burning micturition; and dysuria. The patient was administered with Shaman Aushadhi. Results: The patient got 80% results in chief and associated complaints, and during and after the completion of therapy there was an improvement in the quality of life of the patient. Conclusion: Satisfactory relief in symptoms was seen in patient after 1 month of Shaman Chikitsa.

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Introduction: Ascites is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity. It has numerous etiological factors, but the most common cause is cirrhosis of liver. It can be correlated with Jalodar, which is one of the types of Udarroga (disease of abdomen). It is described in Charaka, Sushruta, and Ashtanghridaya. Case Report: This is a case of ascites having fullness of abdomen, bilateral pedal edema, loss of appetite, and generalized weakness. The patient was chronic alcoholic and had no history of hypertension or diabetes. He was treated on the basis of treatment principles of Jalodar described in Charaksamhita, such as Nityavirechan daily purgation by using Ayurveda medicines, Strotoshodhan (cleaning of microchannels), and some hepatoprotective medicines. Observation and Result: Patient had complete relief from all complaints such as pedal edema, abdominal distension, and lack of appetite. Conclusion: The positive results of this study motivate to conduct further studies to establish treatment protocol of ascites.

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Background: Yuvanpidika can be correlated with acne vulgaris of modern medicine due to the resemblance of symptoms. It is not a serious health problem, but it affects the social and emotional health of an individual. It is self-limiting but requires treatment to avoid scarring and relapse. Aim and Objectives: This comparative research was carried out with the aim to evaluate the efficacy of Lodhradi Lepa with and without Arogyavardhini Vati in the management of Yuvanpidika. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients between the ages of 16 and 36 years of both sexes with typical symptoms of Yuvanpidika were selected from Kayachikitsa outpatient department. They were divided equally into two groups by lottery method. Lodhradi Lepa was topically applied with rose water to patients in Group A twice daily, whereas Group B was given Arogyavardhini Vati (500mg) twice a day along with Lodhradi Lepa for 30 days. Pain, itching, burning sensation, swelling, redness, and the number of papules were assessed before and after treatment in both groups. Results: In this study, moderate, mild, and poor improvements were observed in five (33.33%), two (13.33%), and eight (53.33%) patients of Group A, respectively, whereas in Group B, moderate, mild, and poor improvements were observed in eight (53.33%), four (26.66%), and three (20%) patients, respectively. Marked improvement and complete remission were not observed in this study. This might be due to a short duration of treatment. Conclusion: This study proved that the use of Lodhradi Lepa and Arogyavardhini Vati is effective in the treatment of Yuvanpidika. But combined treatment is more beneficial and combination of various protocols and formulations need to be adopted for better results.

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Background: One of the most dangerous complications of diabetes mellitus is the loss of lower limb by amputation as a consequence to diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). The estimated global prevalence of DFU is around 6.3%. The DFU is a type of nonhealing ulcer. Ayurveda explains it as Dusta Vrana (chronic nonhealing ulcer). Depending on its etiological factor, it can also be termed as Pramehajanya Dusta Vrana (nonhealing ulcer due to diabetes). The general line of management of Pramehajanya Vrana (diabetic wound/ulcer) mentioned by Acharya Sushuta says that one should adopt the principle and protocol of Dusta Vrana management. While describing the Sasti Upakrama (60 modalities of ulcer management), Nimbadi Kalka (a paste where neem leaves are the main ingredient) is mentioned, having both Vrana Sodhana (cleansing) and Vrana Ropana (healing) properties and beneficial for nonhealing ulcer. Keeping in view the above factor, 15 patients of DFUs were taken with a baseline HbA1c (6–7). Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the wound-healing property of Nimbadi Kalka in DFU. Settings and Design: The study was an open-label single-arm prospective design to find the pre- and post-effect of Nimbadi Kalka application on DFU. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 15 patients of DFU excluding dropouts. Nimbadi Kalka was applied on daily basis over the wound site for 45 days. Assessment was done on parameters such as wound surface area, granulation tissue, and exudates. Results and Conclusion: Nimbadi Kalka shows a marked reduction in wound size and exudates. In the case of granulation tissue, on the 15th day of treatment there was a peak increase indicating the formation of granulation tissue. Hence, Nimbadi Kalka promotes wound healing by reducing the size of ulcer in DFU.

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Introduction: A diseased caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in any tissue of any organ of the body is called cancer. There are various types of cancers on the basis of primary abnormal growth in tissues. Leukemia is a type of cancer of blood, which is caused by the rapid production of abnormal white blood cell. In Ayurveda, the reference of the cancer and blood cancer is found indirectly under the heading of Arbuda (cancer) and Rakta Arbuda (leukemia), respectively. In Ayurveda, there are so many herbo-mineral drugs that are useful in treating cancer. Aims and Objectives:

1. To study the in vivo anticancer (blood cancer) activity of Ayurveda compound.
2. To compare the toxicity of Ayurveda compound with injection/tablet arsenic trioxide.
3. To evaluate, elaborate, and discuss the etiology of leukemia as per Ayurveda.

Materials and Methods: An in vivo study was conducted in Institute of Biomedical and Industrial Research. The in vivo antileukemic effect was carried out by using benzene-induced (carcinogen) model in Swiss albino mice and the acute toxicity study was conducted according to fixed single-dose toxicity. The herbo‑mineral drugs has been prepared by using purified arsenic (arsenic trioxide), Vinca rosea, and Urginia indica to study in vivo anti-leukemic effect and toxicity. This study was conducted according to organisation for economic co-operation and development Guidelines 423 and the antileukemic activity was carried out by benzene-induced leukemia in albino mice after animal ethical clearance. Result: The highest dose of the test drug (2000mg/kg) in the acute toxicity study shows minimal adverse effect of toxicity on liver and no adverse effect was found on kidney and spleen. The result was found better in study group 1 having myelocytic leukemia than study group 2 having lymphocytic leukemia. Conclusion: The effect of study drug shows good antileukemic activity, although standard drug was found better than study drug. Overall, the study was found safe and effective on blood cancer.

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Background: The concept of Saviryata Avadhi (shelf life) of different Ayurveda dosage forms is well described in Sharngadhara saṃhita. Shelf life is an important component and is mandatory to be displayed on the label of all medicinal products. This is also applicable to Ayurveda; thus, it becomes essential to establish shelf life of formulations that are being marketed and used in therapeutics. An attempt has been made in this study to evaluate shelf life of Indukanta Ghritam (IKG) which is not reported till date though in general it has been quoted by Gazette of India, that is, 2 years. Aim: To evaluate the shelf life of IKG through the accelerated stability study. Materials and Methods: Five batches were prepared according to Ayurveda Pharmacopoeia of India and the observations and results were systematically recorded. Physicochemical parameters were measured at the temperature of 40°C ± 2°C and the relative humidity was 75% ± 5%. The analysis was carried out at the intervals of 0, 1, 3, and 6 months, and the average 10% degradation time was calculated and extrapolated to find the shelf life as per ICH guidelines and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of sample was also carried out. Results: The average percentage loss in final product was 7.71% in IKG. The shelf life of IKG is found to be 19 months. Conclusion: The classics have mentioned the shelf life as 16 months, whereas the Gazette of India states the shelf life as 2 years for Ghrita. The shelf life of IKG is equal to the classic. This might be because of the precautions observed during the manufacturing and storing phases of the drug.

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Background: Kushmanda Avaleha (KA, confection) has been described in Sharangdhar Samhita as a drug of choice in Raktapitta Chikitsa (hemorrhage). Ayurveda mentioned Five Basic Kalpanas, which are called Panchvidha Kashya Kalpana. Panchvidha Kashya Kalpana has several drawbacks, such as less palatability, shorter shelf life, etc. Hence, to overcome these drawbacks, secondary formulations were developed. Avaleha Kalpana was a secondary formulation developed by using primary formulations, such as Swaras (juice), Kwatha (decoctions), etc. Avaleha formulation was prepared by using herbal medicinal drugs and food articles such as sugar, ghee (clarified butter), honey etc. Administering proper dose of Avaleha is difficult in new era than Avaleha convert into granules form because, considering the changing scenario of the society, converting traditional dosage forms into more palatable, easily absorbable forms without changing desired therapeutic effects becomes need of the hour. In the current study, an attempt has been made to convert KA into granules form, which is the first step toward research on the formulation; hence, the current work was planned. Aim: Analytical study of KA and its modified dosage form as Kushmanda granules (KG)Materials and Methods: Three batches of KA were prepared as per the reference of Sharangdhar Samhita (8/22–28), and the same is converted into granules by adopting standard operative procedures. Result and Conclusion: Loss on drying at 105°C, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, alcohol-soluble extractives, water-soluble extractives, pH, total sugar, reducing sugar, nonreducing sugar, and total fat and moisture content in the range of Avaleha is 2.3%, 0.7%, 0.103%, 71.22%, 77.12%, 4.2%, 78.15%, 68.21%, 5.6%, and 2.92%. The range of granules is 3.1%, 1.2%, 0.36%, 38.09%, 41.2%, 3.53, 80.17, 78.12, 4.5, 0.92, and 3.12, respectively.

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Background: Adraka (Zingiber Officinale) Khanda described in Bhaishajya Ratnavali is a drug of choice in Udarda (Pressure Urticaria), Shittapitta (Cold Urticaria) and Koth (Solar Urticaria) such as autoimmune system. This formulation is having spicy test. Khanda being one of the common dosage from appreciated by all age group for their palatability and easy method of administration and feasibility. Pharmaceutical standardization of this formulation is not established yet, which is first step towards research on the formulation. Hence present work was planned. Material and Method: Three batches of Adraka were prepared by adopting reference of Bhaishajya Ratnavali and the average required for preparation of Adraka Khanda was one day. A constant heat of 90 to 100 °C was maintained throughout the procedure. Result and Conclusion: The analytical study revealed average observed values of pH (6.2), Acid insoluble ash (0.50), Moisture content (3.5), Water extract (23.2) Alcoholic extract (20.8), Water soluble ash (4.3) , Total ash (5.2).

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Introduction: Chakradatta by Acharya Chakrapani is the classic which has described Aragvadhadi Taila in the context of Kustha Roga and indicated it in Shvitra Roga, the example of Sneha Kalpana (medicated oleaginous dosage form). Materials and Methods: Classical Sidhdhi Lakshana (chief desired characteristics) have their certain limitations and are not sufficient to characterize with respect to their organoleptic characters. Thus, in this study three batches of Aragvadhadi Taila with an average 2L of Sarshapa Taila (mustard oil), 8L of Gomutra (drava dravya) and 657g of Kalka were prepared by the following processes: Manahshila Shodhana, Haratala Shodhana, preparation of Kalka, and Snehapaka with classical method to maintain process uniformity and to evaluate standard procedure. The pharmaceutical and analytical data were observed and recorded. Results: Average total duration for Taila Paka and yield for each batch of Aragvadhadi Taila were observed to be approximately 8h 15min and 1675 mL, respectively, in 5 days. Average values of physicochemical parameters of Sarshapa Taila (mustard oil) were as follows: specific gravity 0.90, refractive index 1.4860, acid value 5.34, saponification value 288, and iodine value 102 at room temperature. Average values of physicochemical parameters of Aragvadhadi Taila were as follows: specific gravity 0.9115, refractive index 1.4871, acid value 7.12, saponification value 316, and iodine value 124.66 at room temperature. Conclusion: The pharmaceutical and analytical studies have helped to generate preliminary standards for formulation Aragvadhadi Taila.

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Vajikarana (aphrodisiac therapy) mainly deals with the promotion of sexual health, healthy progeny, and treatment of male sexual disorders such as premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. The formulations described in Ayurveda generally contain ingredients of herbal, herbo-mineral, metal, or animal in origin. Musali or Shweta (White) Musali is a potent herbal drug primarily utilized for Vajikaran therapy and indicated in the management of male infertility. Until date, no published information is presented in compiled form on the classical formulations of Musali with their dose and indications. Therefore, in this study, an attempt has been made to compile different formulations of Musali indicated for Vajikarana therapy. This study aims to gather information on various formulations of Musali primarily utilized for Vajikarana therapy. Critical review of various formulations of Shweta Musali is compiled from seven Ayurvedic texts, and the therapeutic efficacy of Musali is discussed on the basis of available data. Vajikarana formulations of Musali were discovered after Samhita period. In the present review, 51 formulations of Shweta Musali are found, which are mainly indicated for Vajikarana. In the formulations of Musali, ingredients such as Godugdha (cow’s milk), Goghrita (cows clarified butter), Khanda sharkara (sugar), Madhu (honey), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L.), Shatavari (Asperagus racemosus Wild.), Vidarikanda (Pueraria tuberosa), Abhrak, Bhasma (calcined mica), and Rasasindoor (red oxide of mercury) augment the Vajikarana potential of Musali and also help to prevent other complications. On the basis of the reviewed research, it is concluded that Musali-containing formulations claimed significant aphrodisiac and spermatogenic properties, and present review will be helpful for research and pharmaceutical standardization purpose of Vajikarana formulations of Shweta Musali.

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Viral infections play a significant role in human illnesses. In late December 2019, a previously unidentified coronavirus, named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 by ICTV on February 11, 2020), also named as 2019 novel coronavirus, originated from Wuhan, China, and caused outbreak in many countries. Presently, despite the advancement made in immunization and drug development, this virus lacks preventive vaccines and effective antiviral remedies. Thus, identification of specific antiviral medicine is of critical importance. However, classical Ayurveda preparations may play an excellent role in the management of this outbreak. Ayurveda has a unique method of approaching the newly detected disease. Rather than focusing on the microbial etiology, Ayurveda embraces a holistic technique for elaborating the details of the disease at hand. In this paper, we summarize the interpretation, diagnosis, treatment principles, and medicines described in different texts of Ayurveda to treat viral infections.

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Background and Objective: Nonavailability of clinically proven prophylaxis and specific drug against the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) turned the world’s attention toward finding ways to strengthen the host defense. Unani scholars fully understand and consider the host as a key determinant in disease dynamics and laid emphasis on host defense strengthening as an important disease prevention strategy. Hence, this article aimed to provide an overview of the epidemic containment measures described in Unani classical texts and their relevance in the current outbreak. Materials and Methods: A manual literature survey of classical Unani texts was conducted to collect the information on the measures suggested for epidemic containment. In addition, electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were searched to identify researches conducted on Unani drugs listed in the article as well as to obtain recent information about COVID-19 outbreak. The keywords used were “Unani Medicine,” “Epidemic,” “Immunomodulator,” “Antiviral,” “Antimicrobial,” “Prevention,” and “COVID-19.”Results: The literature review shows that Unani scholars have given an elaborate description of the epidemic including its definition, etiological factors, susceptible host, clinical presentation of infected individuals, and the containment measures. Described measures can be broadly classified into cause-centric and host-centric depending on their application-at environment and individual level, respectively. Cause-centric measures are aimed to eliminate the causative agent present in the environment and host-centric measures are aimed to strengthen the host defense. Conclusion: Epidemic containment measures described in classical Unani treatises seem to be of much relevance in today’s context. These measures have been considered useful in reducing the risk of contracting the infection during epidemics. Hence, in our opinion, it is worth assessing them in the current outbreak.

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Ethics is the branch of philosophy, which involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conducts for the individual and for the society. It establishes the nature of obligations, or the duties that people are obliged to themselves and to one another. Sushrut Samhita is considered to be the oldest literature available for surgery, wherein Acharya Sushrut has emphasized various surgical ethics in the form of Sadvrutta. This study was aimed to explore the ethics of surgery (Shalyakriya) mentioned by Acharya Sushrut. The method followed for this was thorough analysis of Sushrut Samhita and Internet surfing from various research articles. It was found that in Sushrut Samhita, the maximum information pertaining to ethics of surgery was mentioned in Sutrasthan, and the main concern of Sushrut behind explaining all the ethics was utmost care of the patient by creating efficient surgeons. The ethical concept described by Sushruta includes general ethics; professional and academic ethics; preoperative, operative, and postoperative ethics; ethics of experimental surgery; and ethics in emergency. The concepts described by him are valid even in current clinical practice today.

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