Standardization is necessary to maintain batch to batch consistency as well as for repeated preparation of drug on large scale. Modification of ancient dosage forms and development of new dosage forms is a continuous process which has significant contribution in flourishing the science with changing life style and favor of people. Preparation of granules is one of modified form of Ghana (solid preparations of herbal extract) and Khanda Kalpana (solid preparations similar to granules). Shatavari granule is a well known formulation for its beneficial properties such as Stanyajanana (galactagogue), Balya (immuno-modulators), Rasayana (rejuvenator), Amlapittahara (act as antacid in hyperacidity) etc. Present study has elaborated standardization of Shatavari granules. Three batches of Shatavari granules were prepared by adopting reference of Vriddha Vaidya and analyzed as per mentioned in Ayurvedic Pharmacopia of India (API). The average time required for preparation of Shatavari granules was 6.40 hours. A constant heat of 90°C-100°C was maintained throughout the procedure. The analytical study revealed average observed values of Loss on drying (at 105°C), Total ash, Acid Insoluble ash, Alcohol Soluble extractives, Water Soluble extractive, pH, Bulk density and Tap density were 3%, 5.7 %, 0.5%, 25%, 54%, 4.0 (10% aqueous solution), 0.642 gm/ml, 0.810 gm/ml respectively. Particle size of prepared batches was 2 to 4 mm size. Antimicrobial study showed complete absence of any bacterial contamination. Vigilant hygienic care while following every step, temperature for heating and accessing completion stage of procedure are the key points during preparation of Shatavari granules.

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Concept of disease prevention is becoming a global concern and Ayurveda provides comprehensive understanding for the same. Ayurveda classics have described many preventive methods in context of Sadvrutta (Code and conducts), Rutucharya (Seasonal regimen), Dincharya (Daily regimen). Dhupana (Fumigation) is one among such preventive methods, incorporated in Sutikagar (Labour room), Kumaragar (Pediatric ward), Vranitagar (Trauma center) etc. Ancient scholars have mentioned Dhupana in scattered manner but Kashyapacharya has given the utmost importance to it and created a separate chapter named Dhupakalpadhyaya. In which, Dhupana Yogas (Fumigatory preparations) has been listed with its specific effect. In many countries formaldehyde has been used for fumigation, but safety and efficacy concerns have highlighted the need for alternative methods. Even some consider formaldehyde as a potential human carcinogen, hence since 2007 formaldehyde production and sales completely banned in some European countries. Review of Dhupakalpadhyaya has been done to find effective, easy to prepare and easy to use Dhupana Yoga. In classics, different materials were used for different disease conditions, but all the materials are not easily available in present era. So, a broad spectrum Dhupana Yoga has been searched from Samhita which can be easily prepared and utilized as per need.

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Dyslipidemia is one of the life style disorder due to the today’s faulty life style including food habits, minimum physical exercise, stress, anxiety and depression. Every 1% increase in cholesterol level is responsible for 1-2% increase in the incidence of Coronary Heart Disease. Lipids can be correlated to that of Medo Dhatu. According to the different references Dyslipidemia can be correlated to Medo Dosha and subsequently as Medoroga. The treatment principles mainly includes Samshodhana Chikitsa(Bio cleansing),where as statins are first choice of drug in modern science. Looking into the adverse reactions and the limitations in the modern medication clinical trial was carried out in 30 patients having Dyslipidaemia. Classical Virechana Karma was performed and the effect of treatment on the complete lipid profile was assessed after the treatment. Statistical analysis showed highly significant result in the lipid profile.

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Today’s modern life style and changed dietary habits among the people has led them to suffer from number of joint diseases which even hamper their routine activities. In Ayurveda, various toxic herbal drugs are mentioned to have medicinal properties in number of diseases when they are utilized wisely in proper dose and sufficient care. Gunja (Abrus precatorius), one of the poisonous plants which is very beneficial as antiinflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-fertility, anti-tumor etc. Paste of Gunja seeds can be used as rubraficient in Sciatica, stiff shoulders, paralysis and other nervous and arthritic conditions. Hence a clinical study “Role of Gunja Beej Lepa on inflammatory conditions of arthritis” was conducted to provide a potent and efficient drug to manage the acute local inflammatory condition. Thus leading to recognition of anti-inflammatory drug used for the purpose of practice. The result of this study was significant. During the course of the study, some patients showed beneficial results along with some adverse effects such as rash, itching, redness etc. Relief observed in symptoms such as pain and swelling was considerable and the untoward effects were minimal and manageable. So the toxic drugs like Gunja can be used wisely with precautions.

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Acharya Charaka stated about two types of medicine, one which promotes resistance to the body and another which cures the diseases. Rasayana and Vajikarana therapies play a key role in achieving these goals. The main aim of Rasayana therapy is to promote formation of Ojasa or resistance which in modern terminology can be called as promoting the strength of immune system. In the present study, review of the Rasayana drugs had been made from Rasayanachikitsa of Ayurveda classics. They are furnished on the basis of definition of Rasayana stated by Acharya Bhavamishra. There are total 158 herbal Rasayana drugs proven for their antioxidant activity and are categorized according to their actions. A total of 12 activities were found to be common in majority of drugs i.e. Vrishya, Chakshushya, Brihmana, Deepana, Pachana, Keshya, Swarya, Hridya, Balya, Medhya- Smritida and Jeevaniya. Some of the activities like Vrishya, Hridya, Medhya, Deepana and Pachana can be scientifically validated. But other activities like Chakshushya, Keshya, Swarya require proper scientific method of evaluation.

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Sthaulya (obesity) is major increasing problem all over the world which is very prevalent in younger generation too. Drugs such as serotonergic & catecholaminergic are used in modern medicine in spite of their side effects. Bariatric surgery, sauna bath which reduces the size of abdomen but it is all transitional. Sthaulya Chikitsa (obesity treatment) is elaborated in ancient text, under the context of Shodhan Chikitsa (body purificatory procedure) and Shaman Chikitsa (Palliative treatment). Shodhan therapy, Vaman/Virechan/Lekhan Basti and Shaman Chikitsa including various Medoghna Aushadhis (Lipid pacifying medicines) are also proven to be effective. All these treatment are considered under Apatarpan Chikitsa (reduction therapy) which has its own importance in reducing obesity. But still the problem persists because of sedentary life style and wrong food habits. If the management of obesity is carried out with Apatarpan Chikitsa along with adopting healthy eating habits such as Jirna- ashan (After digestion of previously consumed food). The result would be much more encouraging with minimal relapse. Charaka emphasizes on Jirnashana as a line of treatment in Santarpanjanya Vyadhi (diseases due to over consumption of food and sedentary life style) including Sthaulya indirectly suggesting that Ajirnashana is one of the important but most neglected cause for the same.

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Nanotechnology is foreseen to significantly influence science, economy and everyday life in 21st century. Development of new, easy, reliable and eco-friendly technologies helps in endorsing extra interest in the synthesis and application of nanoparticles, which are good and beneficial for mankind. Although, nanoparticles are considered as the discovery of modern science, they actually have a very long history. Ayurvedic metallic preparations, treated with herbal juices or decoction, and exposed for certain quantum of heat as per puta (heating grade) system are known in Indian subcontinent since seventh century AD and widely recommended for treatment of a variety of ailments. Such metallic preparations are known as Bhasma and are recently proved as nanoparticles. Today medicinal plants are commonly utilized for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Herbs have shown the ability to interact with metal ions and reduce them to form metallic nanoparticles. The medicinal plant sources for the synthesis of nanoparticle offers several advantages such as best in cost- effectiveness, non-toxic and eco-friendly agent. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles by medicinal plant extracts is currently under exploitation. This synthesis method is more convenient for pharmaceuticals and biomedical applications. Biosynthetic processes of nanoparticles would be more useful, if nanoparticles produced in vitro using plants or their extracts in a controlled method according to their size, shape and dispersity. The utilization of medicinal plants for nanoparticles synthesis is notable alternative in advanced multifaceted approaches.

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Ayurveda, the main traditional system of Indian subcontinent has two objectives: to maintain healthy status of body and in the event of disease, to bring about healing. This is achieved through a threefold plan i.e. good lifestyle, proper diet and use of drugs whenever needed. In Ayurvedic literature Dravyas (drugs) have been classified on different basis. There are few very useful drugs in compendia which are mentioned as Sarvadoshahara (capable to maintain equilibrium of all three humours). Sarvadoshahara Dravya can be used in many diseases conditions at the same time they are capable of Shodhana (elimination) of Doshas and Prashamana (suppression) of different Vyadhi (diseases). It can be understood that Sarvadoshahara dravyas possesses Antioxident, Immunomodulatory, Anti-bacterial and many pharmacological activities. In the present context Sarvadoshahara dravyas described in Ayurveda has been highlighted with their properties, action and indications substantiated by modern researches.

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Preformulation is the stage of drug development in which the physicochemical properties are characterized by some parameters such as organoleptic properties, purity, particle size, shape and surface area, solubility, temperature, pH, co-solvency, solid dispersion, crystal properties, polymorphism, preformulation stability studies, pKa determination (Dissolution constant), partition coefficient, Chemical stability profile etc. Bhasma (Incinerated metallic drugs or medicines) are highly potent formulations frequently used in Ayurveda. In the context of Bhasma, Ayurveda has mentioned many parameters such as Varitaratva, Rekhapurnatva, Apunarbhava, Niruttha, Niswadu etc which are equivalent to some physicochemical testing parameters described in modern science. To ensure the safety and efficacy profile of these formulations is the need of hour to know their physic-chemical properties with respect to both Ayurvedic and modern tests such as Apunarbhav, Niruttha, Varitar, TGA, FTIR, XRD, ICP-AES etc. In present work an attempt has been made to study the significance of preformulation studies and co-relation between various parameters mentioned in Ayurveda and modern science with special reference to Bhasma. The review indicates that Ayurvedic testing parameters can be correlated with modern testing parameters and establishing their correlation will create a new path for understanding pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Ayurvedic medicines as well as in developing advanced dosage forms. It is clear from the review that Ayurvedic testing methods are preliminary tests before utilizing Bhasma for therapeutic purposes and advanced analytical techniques can be utilized for standardization, characterization and for accessing safety and efficacy of Ayurvedic medicines.

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